A CUENTA (ON ACCOUNT) -
(CON)- Purchase or sale on credit. For example,
the journal entry for a sale on account is to debit
accounts receivable and credit sales. Partial
payment on an obligation.
ACELERADOR (ACCELERATOR)-
(ECO)- The theory that net investment depends on
the change in sales.
ACTIVOS (ASSETS)-
Things of value owned by a firm.
ACTIVOS FINANCIEROS (FINANCIAL
ASSETS)- (FIN)- Resources such as cash or
loans that are needed to acquire real assets.
ACTIVOS FIJOS (FIXED
ASSETS)- (CON)- Assets used by a firm for
longer than a year.
ACTIVOS INTANGIBLES (INTANGIBLE
ASSETS)- (CON)- Long-term assets, such as
trademarks and patents, that have no physical
existence.
ADMINISTRACION DE
INVENTARIO (INVENTORY MANAGEMENT)- (FIN)-
Operating to minimize the total cost of an
investment in inventory.
ADQUISICION (ACQUISITION)-
(FIN)- The takeover of one company by another.
AGOTAMIENTO (DEPLETION)-
(CON)- Physical exhaustion of a natural resource
(e.g., oil, coal). The entry for recording annual
depletion is to debit depletion expense and credit
accumulated depletion. Accumulated depletion is a
contra account to the natural resource.
AÑO BASE (YEAR BASE)-
(ECO)- For measurement of real GNP, the year
from which prices are used in evaluating both base
year and current years outputs.
ANUALIDAD (ANNUITY)-
(FIN)- Series of equal cash flows at regular
intervals.
ANUALIDAD ORDINARIA (ORDINARY
ANNUITY)- (FIN)- Sequence of uninterrupted,
equal cash flows with payments (receipts) occurring
at the end of each period.
ARRENDADOR (LESSOR)-
(FIN)- In a leasing arrangement the party that
has the title to the property being lease.
ARRENDAMIENTO DE CAPITAL (CAPITAL
LEASE)- (FIN)- See Financial lease.
ARRENDAMIENTO DIRECTO (DIRECT
LEASE)- (FIN)- Situation when the lessor
already owns or acquires an asset, which is then
provided to the lesser.
ARRENDAMIENTO FINANCIERO (FINANCIAL
LEASE)- (FIN)- Lease in which the service
provided by the lessor to the lessee is limited to
financing equipment.
ARRENDAMIENTO OPERACIONAL (OPERATING
LEASE)- (FIN)- Type of lease in which the
lessor handles all maintenance and servicing.
ARRENDATARIO (LESSEE)-
(FIN)- In a leading arrangement the party that
has the use of the asset being leased.
ARTICULOS DE INCORPORACION
(ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION)- (FIN)-
Document that creates a private corporation
according to the general corporation laws of the
state or country.
ARTICULOS DE LA SOCIEDAD (ARTICLES
OF PARTNERSHIP)- (FIN)- Written contract for
a partnership that specifies agreement to salaries,
contributions to capital, distribution of profit and
losses, and dissolution of the partnership.
AUDITORIA HORIZONTAL (HORIZONTAL
AUDIT)- (CON)- Technique used by the CPA to
observe the client's accounting procedures to assure
the the system of internal controls is running
smoothly. An example is testing whether the goods
received from a vendor have been properly ordered,
are of suitable type and quality as per inspection,
and have been properly accounted for in the records.
