BALANCE DE COMPROBACIÓN
(TRIAL BALANCE) - (AC) - Summary of ledger
totals for each account, used to confirm the accuracy of
the accounting figures.
BALANZA DE PAGOS
(BALANCE OF PAYMENTS)- (ECO)- Difference
between a country's total payments to other countries and
its total receipts from other countries.
BANCARROTA (BANKRUPTCY)-
(FIN)- Legal procedure by which individuals or
businesses that cannot meet their financial obligations
are relieved of their debts.
BANCO DE
INVERSION (INVESTMENT BANK)- (FIN)- A firm that
merchandises common stocks, bonds, and other securities.
BANCO MIEMBRO (MEMBER
BANK)- (ECO)- A commercial bank that belongs to
the Federal Reserve System.
BANCOS NACIONALES
(NATIONAL BANKS)- (ECO)- Bancos chartered by
the U.S. Treasury Department.
BENEFICIO (PROFIT)-
(CON)- See "Ganancia".
BIEN DE INVERSION
(INVESTMENT GOOD)- (ECO)- A capital good.
Plant, equipment, or inventory.
BIEN DE MERITO (MERIT
GOOD)- (ECO)- A good or service which the
government considers particularly desirable and which it
therefore encourages by subsidy or regulation (such as the
regulation that children must go to school to get the
merit good of education).
BIEN INFERIOR (INFERIOR
GOOD)- (ECO)- A good for which an increase in the
income of buyers causes a leftward shift in the demand
curve.
BIEN NORMAL (NORMAL
GOOD)- (ECO)- A good for which an increase in the
income of buyers causes a rightward shift in the demand
curve.
BIEN SUPERIOR (SUPERIOR
GOOD)- (ECO)- A good whose quantity demanded rises
when income rise. See, "Bien Normal".
BIENES COLECTIVOS
(COLLECTIVE GOODS)- (ECO)- Goods which, by
their very nature, provide benefits to a large group of
people.
BIENES
COMPLEMENTARIOS (COMPLEMENTARY GOODS)- (ECO)-
Goods such that the rise in the price of one causes a
leftward shift in the demand curve for the other.
BIENES DE MERITO
(MERIT GOODS)- (ECO)- Goods that are produced
by government and supplied free of charge on the grounds
that each citizen merits his or her fair share.
BIENES PUBLICO (PUBLIC
GOODS)- (ECO)- Goods or services having the two
properties that (1) they cannot be provided to one citizen
without being supplied also to his neighbors, and (2) once
provided for one citizen, the cost of providing them to
others is zero.
BONISTA (BONDHOLDER)-
(FIN)- Person or group that lends debt capital to a
firm.
BONO (BOND)-
(FIN)- Long-term debt instrument representing money
borrowed by a firm from investors. A written commitment to
pay a scheduled series of interest payments plus the face
value (principal) at a specified maturity date.
BONO DESCONTADO (DISCOUNT
BOND)- (FIN)- Bond offered below face value.
BONO PERPETUO (PERPETUAL
BOND)- (FIN)- A bond that pays a stated amount of
interest periodically (annually or semiannually) over an
infinite time horizon; in other words, its par value is
never repaid.
BONOS DE CHATARRA
(JUNK BONDS)- (FIN)- High risk, high return
bonds.
