PAGARE (NOTE)- (FIN)- See
"Nota"
PERDIDA DE CAPITAL (CAPITAL LOSS)-
(FIN)- A loss resulting from the sale of
an asset for less than its book value. A
capital loss can be used to offset current,
past, and future capital or operating gains
for tax purposes, subject to certain
constraints.
PERDIDA NETA (NET LOSS)- (AC)-
Amount by which expenses exceed revenues.
PERDIDA OPERACIONAL (OPERATING LOSS)-
(FIN)- Occurs when a firm has negative
before-tax profits. The firm is permitted to
apply this loss against past or future
operating income, or both. Losses on the
sale of depreciable assets used in business
or thade are treated as operating losses
which can be deducted from current, past, or
future operating income, or all of them.
PERIODO DE COBRO PROMEDIO (AVERAGE
COLLECTION PERIOD)- (FIN)- The
average amount of time required to collect
an account receivable; a useful measure for
evaluating the firm's credit and collection
policies in light of the credit terms
extended by it. Sometimes called the
average age of accounts receivable.
PERIODO DE PAGO PROMEDIO (AVERAGE
PAYMENT PERIOD)- (FIN)- A ratio
indicating the average amount of time taken
by a firm to pay its account payable. The
creditworthiness of a firm can be evaluated
by comparing the average payment period to
the credit terms extended to it. Sometimes
called the average age of accounts
payable.
PERIODO DE RECOBRO (PAYBACK PERIOD)-
(FIN)- The number of years required for
a firm to recover the initial investment
required by a project from the cash inflows
it generates. Short payback periods are
preferred.
PERPETUIDAD (PERPETUITY)- (FIN)-
An annuity with an infinite life; in other
words, an annuity that never stops providing
the holder with x dollars at the end
of each year.
PLANTA (PLANT)- (ECO)- A
physical establishment where production
takes place.
PODER DE COMPRA (PURCHASING POWER)-
(ECO)- Value of what money can buy.
PODER DE MERCADO (MARKET POWER)-
(ECO)- The ability of a single firm or
individual to influence the market price of
a good or service.
PODER DE MONOPOLIO (MONOPOLY POWER)-
(ECO)- A seller's power to raise the
price or a product without losing all, or
nearly all of his or her customers.
POLITICA FISCAL (FISCAL POLICY)-
(ECO)- Government program of taxation
and spending, which can be used to stimulate
the economy.
POLITICA MONETARIA (MONETARY POLICY)-
(ECO)- Government programs for
controlling the amount of money in
circulation in a nation's economy.
PRESUPUESTO DE CAPITAL (CAPITAL
BUDGETING)- (FIN)- Process of
selecting projects that can increase a
firm's value.
PRINCIPAL (PRINCIPAL)- (FIN)-
The amount of money on which interest is
earned by a depositor or an investor or the
amount of money on which interest is paid by
a borrower.
PRODUCCION EN MASA (MASS PRODUCTION)-
(ECO)- Ability to produce many goods at
once.
PRODUCTO NACIONAL (NATIONAL PRODUCT)-
(ECO)- The total value of all goods and
services supplied in the economy.
PROSPECTO (PROSPECTUS)- (FIN)-
Formal written offer to sell securities that
sets forth the plan for a proposed buseness
enterprise and other relevant facts.
PROSPERIDAD (PROSPERITY)- (ECO)-
A phase of the business cycle characterized
by high level production, increased demand
for capital goods, and a tendency toward
full employment.
PROTECCIONISMO (PROTECTIONISM)-
(ECO)- A policy of shielding domestic
industry from foreign competition.
