A
CUENTA (ON ACCOUNT) - (CON)- Purchase or sale on
credit. For example, the journal entry for a sale on
account is to debit accounts receivable and credit
sales. Partial payment on an obligation.
ACELERADOR (ACCELERATOR)- (ECO)- The
theory that net investment depends on the change in
sales.
ACTIVOS (ASSETS)- Things of value owned by a
firm.
ACTIVOS FINANCIEROS (FINANCIAL ASSETS)- (FIN)-
Resources such as cash or loans that are needed to
acquire real assets.
ACTIVOS FIJOS (FIXED ASSETS)- (CON)-
Assets used by a firm for longer than a year.
ACTIVOS INTANGIBLES (INTANGIBLE ASSETS)-
(CON)- Long-term assets, such as trademarks and
patents, that have no physical existence.
ADMINISTRACION DE INVENTARIO (INVENTORY
MANAGEMENT)- (FIN)- Operating to minimize
the total cost of an investment in inventory.
ADQUISICION (ACQUISITION)- (FIN)- The
takeover of one company by another.
AGOTAMIENTO (DEPLETION)- (CON)- Physical
exhaustion of a natural resource (e.g., oil, coal).
The entry for recording annual depletion is to debit
depletion expense and credit accumulated depletion.
Accumulated depletion is a contra account to the
natural resource.
AÑO
BASE (YEAR BASE)- (ECO)- For measurement
of real GNP, the year from which prices are used in
evaluating both base year and current years outputs.
ANUALIDAD (ANNUITY)- (FIN)- Series of
equal cash flows at regular intervals.
ANUALIDAD ORDINARIA (ORDINARY ANNUITY)- (FIN)-
Sequence of uninterrupted, equal cash flows with
payments (receipts) occurring at the end of each
period.
ARRENDADOR (LESSOR)- (FIN)- In a leasing
arrangement the party that has the title to the
property being lease.
ARRENDAMIENTO DE CAPITAL (CAPITAL LEASE)-
(FIN)- See Financial lease.
ARRENDAMIENTO DIRECTO (DIRECT LEASE)- (FIN)-
Situation when the lessor already owns or acquires
an asset, which is then provided to the lesser.
ARRENDAMIENTO FINANCIERO (FINANCIAL LEASE)-
(FIN)- Lease in which the service provided by
the lessor to the lessee is limited to financing
equipment.
ARRENDAMIENTO OPERACIONAL (OPERATING LEASE)-
(FIN)- Type of lease in which the lessor handles
all maintenance and servicing.
ARRENDATARIO (LESSEE)- (FIN)- In a
leading arrangement the party that has the use of
the asset being leased.
ARTICULOS DE INCORPORACION (ARTICLES OF
INCORPORATION)- (FIN)- Document that creates
a private corporation according to the general
corporation laws of the state or country.
ARTICULOS DE LA SOCIEDAD (ARTICLES OF PARTNERSHIP)-
(FIN)- Written contract for a partnership that
specifies agreement to salaries, contributions to
capital, distribution of profit and losses, and
dissolution of the partnership.
AUDITORIA HORIZONTAL (HORIZONTAL AUDIT)-
(CON)- Technique used by the CPA to observe the
client's accounting procedures to assure the the
system of internal controls is running smoothly. An
example is testing whether the goods received from a
vendor have been properly ordered, are of suitable
type and quality as per inspection, and have been
properly accounted for in the records.
